gitdan-actions

Shared Gitea Actions composite actions for the gitdan forge.

Currently one thing, done properly: cargo-cache — a persistent, per-branch Cargo build cache for self-hosted Gitea runners, where a pull request's cache is a near-free hardlink clone of an immutable snapshot its base branch published.

Final home: this repository will live at daniel/gitdan-actions. Pin that path in uses: once the transfer completes.

---

Why this exists

Two of this forge's Rust projects independently built the same idea and each got one half right.

	seeding mechanism	seed source
project A	cp -al hardlink clone — near-free, cost scales with inode count, not bytes	the base branch's live target dir — races a build that is still writing
project B	cp -a full copy — sound, but ~35 GB duplicated per branch	a published immutable snapshot — nothing ever writes it while it is read

This action is the diagonal: hardlink-clone from a published snapshot. Cheap like A, sound like B. It also closes a latent race in A by construction (the seed is staged and swapped in with one atomic rename) rather than relying on the runner having a single execution slot.

One thing neither project had, and the reason the clone is not a plain cp -al: a build inside a hardlink clone does mutate the directory it was cloned from. rustc renames its own outputs into place, but Cargo writes its metadata — and build scripts write their OUT_DIR — with a plain truncating write, straight through the shared inode. When Cargo resolves freshness by content the file that gets corrupted is its dep-info fingerprint — .fingerprint/<unit>/dep-<target>, or build/<pkg>/<hash>/fingerprint/dep-<target> under Cargo's build-dir layout v2 — which holds the per-source checksums that decide freshness, and the failure is silent stale-artifact reuse rather than a slow build.

One more family joins them, and it is not metadata: anything the linker writes. rustc writes an .rlib or .rmeta to a temporary and renames it into place, but a linked executable is written through whatever inode is already at its path — so a cargo test --no-run in a raw cp -al clone rewrites the source's own test binary. Measured 2026-08-27 on cargo 1.93.1 stable, 1.96.0-nightly, 1.98.0-nightly and 1.100.0-nightly, under both build-dir layouts.

scripts/hardlink-clone-selftest.sh reproduces both as explicit controls and asserts the fix. The fix is to hardlink what rustc renames into place — the .rlib, .rmeta and incremental/ bulk — and real-copy the metadata and the linker outputs.

The selection names that set directly, under either build-dir layout. Layout v2 regroups everything per build unit under build/<pkg>/<hash>/{fingerprint,out,run}/, artifacts included, so there is no .fingerprint and no deps to key off and build/ is no longer a proxy for "metadata" — it is the whole tree. The one place the two layouts genuinely differ is that under v2 a build script's OUT_DIR and a compile unit's rlib are both a directory called out.

Ambiguity there resolves toward unsharing, because over-unsharing costs bytes and under-unsharing costs corruption. An out directory stays shared only when two independent signals agree it is a compile unit's: it holds an .rlib/.rmeta of its own, and its unit carries no record of a build-script execution beside it (run/ under v2, a loose root-output under v1). The execution record alone is not enough — Cargo writes it only after the script succeeds, so a build script that populates OUT_DIR and then fails leaves a unit that reads as a compile unit. v2 is the nightly default and stabilises in cargo 1.100.0 on 2026-11-12.

What it costs

Real-copied share of a 5.5 GB Bevy target directory, before and after the linker-output rule landed:

tree	before	after
excluding incremental/ — the figure to plan against, since the quick-start below sets CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0	36.4%	57.0%
whole tree, incremental/ included (a local dev checkout, not CI)	9.0%	14.1%

The first row is the one a CI consumer gets. The increase is the linker-output rule, not the layout work: on a scratch crate the layout fix alone takes v2 from 99.996% to 0.2%.

The copy is paid per clone and does not amortise — a fresh cp -al leaves every file with nlink >= 2, so the -links +1 filter cannot skip anything — and a clone happens twice per job, once seeding and once publishing.

---

Quick start

name: CI
on:
  push:
    branches: [main, dev]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main, dev]

jobs:
  ci:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    # REQUIRED, and it cannot come from the action: `container.volumes` is a
    # job-level property, so the persistent cache volume must be declared
    # here. Use a volume name unique to this repository.
    container:
      volumes:
        - myrepo-ci-target:/cache
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
        with:
          # REQUIRED. The mtime restore walks every commit that ever touched a
          # tracked file; a depth-1 checkout makes every file resolve to the
          # tip commit and the cache stops working. The action fails loudly
          # rather than silently degrading if this is missing.
          fetch-depth: 0

      - uses: https://gitdan.com/daniel/gitdan-actions/cargo-cache@v1
        with:
          protected-branches: 'dev main'

      # ... toolchain, system deps, and the build itself. CARGO_TARGET_DIR is
      # already exported to the job environment by the step above.
      - run: cargo clippy --workspace --all-targets -- -D warnings
      - run: cargo test --workspace

      # After the build succeeds: record the watermark, and publish a snapshot
      # if this run is a push to a protected branch.
      - uses: https://gitdan.com/daniel/gitdan-actions/cargo-cache-publish@v1

      # Release this job's cache lock even when the build failed, so the
      # eviction pass does not have to wait out the staleness grace period.
      - if: always()
        uses: https://gitdan.com/daniel/gitdan-actions/cargo-cache-publish@v1
        with:
          mode: release-lock

Recommended alongside it, in the workflow's env: block:

env:
  CARGO_INCREMENTAL: 0                  # per-run bloat on a persistent volume
  CARGO_PROFILE_DEV_DEBUG: line-tables-only
  CARGO_PROFILE_TEST_DEBUG: line-tables-only
  # Nightly only, and BOTH are needed. Content-addressed freshness instead of
  # mtime-based — a strictly stronger guarantee, complementary to the mtime
  # restore (which still covers directory-form `rerun-if-changed` build-script
  # watches). Since cargo PR #17382 (2026-08-22) the `-Z` gate below only
  # unlocks the feature; `build.fingerprint` selects it and defaults to
  # `mtime`, so the gate on its own is accepted and does nothing.
  CARGO_UNSTABLE_CHECKSUM_FRESHNESS: "true"
  CARGO_BUILD_FINGERPRINT: "content"

---

How it works

/cache/
  target-<key>       one per ref. Where a build actually runs.
  snapshot-<key>     one per publisher ref. Immutable between publishes;
                     the only thing a consumer ever clones from.

Transient dot-prefixed entries appear alongside those two — staging trees, eviction asides, reader markers. Their names are a contract with the host that owns the volume; see Scratch names in a cache root.

<key> is the ref sanitised to a safe path component, capped at 48 characters, plus an 8-hex SHA-1 prefix of the raw ref. The hash is not decoration: feat/foo and feat-foo sanitise identically and would otherwise share one directory.

A pull request run resolves its own key from github.head_ref (not ref_name, which on a pull_request event is a synthetic merge ref that changes on every push) and its base key from github.base_ref. If it has no directory yet, it hardlink-clones snapshot-<base> into a staging path, strips Cargo's lock files, real-copies everything Cargo writes in place, and renames the staging path into target-<own>.

A push to a protected branch has no base to layer over. It builds in its own directory and, if the build goes green, republishes it as snapshot-<own>: stage a clone, rename the old snapshot aside, rename the new one in, then reclaim the old one once nothing is still reading it. Consumers only ever observe a complete snapshot or none at all.

Concurrency, on the destination. Two jobs sharing one cache key each stage under their own tag and race on one atomic rename; the loser discards its staging copy. There is no window in which a partially-populated directory is visible under the final name. Two jobs then building in the same directory is Cargo's own .cargo-lock territory, which is what that lock is for.

Concurrency, on the source. The atomic rename is necessary and not sufficient, because renaming a truncated tree publishes a truncated tree atomically. A clone reads its source over many seconds, and a publisher rotating that source unlinks the generation being read — at which point cp -al can silently omit a subtree it never saw, and report success. Two mechanisms, both required:

• The publisher does not unlink under a reader. A consumer publishes a .reading-<snapshot>-<tag> marker before it resolves the snapshot path; the publisher scans for markers after its first rename. A consumer holding the old generation therefore published its marker before that scan and cannot be missed, and one that arrives after the scan necessarily resolves to the new generation. The publisher waits for readers to drain (read-grace-seconds, default 300) and, if they do not, defers the reclamation rather than forcing it — the old generation stays on disk and is swept by a later publish.
• The consumer verifies its own clone. Every attempt checks cp -al's exit status, the source directory's inode before and after (a wholesale replacement mid-walk would otherwise splice two generations), and the entry count (the only signal for a subtree unlinked before its parent was listed — there is no error to read). A tree that fails any of the three is deleted and the clone retried; one that fails the last attempt fails the job. A partial tree never reaches the final name. The two counts cost one metadata walk each: measured on ext4 with a warm cache over a 78,554-entry tree, 44 ms per walk against 3,126 ms for the cp -al they guard — about 2.8%.

What this does and does not guarantee. Four separate claims, deliberately not collapsed into one:

• A publisher rotating a snapshot cannot tear a clone of it — by construction. This is the case zemyna #911 is about, and the marker ordering above is what closes it: the publisher's scan cannot miss a consumer that resolved the old generation, and on timeout it defers the unlink rather than forcing it. On this path the consumer's own verification is a redundant second check, not the thing holding the guarantee up.
• Nor can the eviction pass — by the same construction. A cache chosen for eviction is renamed aside and only then re-examined for readers, so the scan the unlink rests on happens strictly after that rename, exactly as the publisher's does. A consumer that resolved the directory published its marker before the scan and so cannot be missed; one arriving after the rename cannot resolve the path at all and starts cold instead. A cache claimed inside that window is put back under its own name, and one whose name a concurrent seed has taken in the meantime is left aside and reclaimed by a later pass once its readers drain. That later pass leaves an aside directory alone until it has been set aside for a minute — not for the unlink's sake, which the ordering proof above already covers, but so that a pass still deciding about one is never mistaken for a pass that died holding it. That settle window is a bound rather than a construction, and it is the only part of this that is. Until the rest of it was structural it was merely policy — snapshots belong to protected refs, protected refs are never eviction candidates — a property held by vigilance rather than by construction.
• Every other way the source can change mid-clone is detected, not prevented. A seed-fallback-dir pointing at a directory something else writes has no interlock at all. There, the per-attempt verification is what stands between a torn read and a corrupt cache: the clone is retried (CACHE_CLONE_ATTEMPTS, default 4) and then fails the job loudly — never seeded partially, and never degraded to a silent cold build.
• Disk reclamation is bounded, not immediate. A consumer slower than the grace period leaves one extra snapshot generation of directory entries on the volume until a later publish sweeps it; a consumer whose job was killed outright holds it until its marker passes reader-stale-seconds. The residual is capped at one deferred generation per publisher ref, and its real cost is close to inode count rather than byte count, since the artifacts are hardlinked to whatever cloned them. A declined eviction is never unlinked under the job that claimed it; what it costs meanwhile is disk, normally as the cache restored under its own name and otherwise as one set aside for a later pass to reclaim.

Eviction runs three passes: caches for branches that no longer exist on origin are removed unconditionally; then, only if free space is under the threshold, live caches are evicted oldest-first; then, as a last resort, this run's own cache. Protected refs and any cache held open by a running job are never candidates. Within the pressure pass, target-* directories are evicted before snapshot-* ones — the reverse of the obvious order, because a snapshot is hardlinked to everything cloned from it, so removing one frees almost no real bytes while costing every future PR its warm start.

File mtimes. actions/checkout stamps every file with "now", which makes every crate look changed to Cargo's mtime-based freshness check — a persistent target directory buys nothing without fixing that. Each tracked file is restored to the timestamp of the most recent commit that touched it, plus a watermark override: for any file that changed since this cache's own last successful build, "now" is stamped instead. That override is what makes a merge safe, since a merge can introduce a commit authored before this cache's last build, where the historically-correct mtime is exactly the wrong answer.

---

Scratch names in a cache root are a cross-repo contract

Read this before adding a dot-prefixed directory under a cache root.

The volume is not swept by these scripts alone. A host-level arbiter — daniel/gitdan's scripts/ci-cache-reclaim.sh, which runs outside any job — reclaims the scratch trees a killed job strands here, and reads the reader markers to decide whether a tree is still live. Its LEFTOVER NAMING CONTRACT block is the canonical description; this side owns the names.

name	produced by	if the job dies holding it
.stage-<tag>	cache-lib.sh, hardlink_clone_into()	stranded; only the arbiter reclaims it
.publish-new-<tag>	publish-snapshot.sh	stranded; see daniel/gitdan#30
.publish-old-<key>-<tag>	publish-snapshot.sh	swept by the next publish of that key, if there is one
.evicting-<name>-<pid>	prune-cache.sh, evict_dir()	swept at the start of the next prune pass
.reading-<source>-<tag>	cache-lib.sh, reader_lock_acquire()	not garbage — see below

A .reading-* marker is protective, not scratch: it is how both this repo's prune pass and the arbiter tell an in-flight clone from an abandoned one, and the arbiter never deletes one. Delete a live marker and the tree it covers becomes eligible for an unlink underneath the walk that is reading it, which is the silent truncation the whole interlock exists to prevent.

The rule: no new dot-prefixed entry under a cache root without a matching prefix in ci-cache-reclaim.sh. Adding a shape counts exactly as much as renaming one. That script enumerates by explicit prefix rather than by dotglob — deliberately, because a dotglob would pull reader markers into the candidate stream alongside the trees they protect — so a name it has not been told about is not handled conservatively, it is invisible, and an unreclaimed staging tree is a full clone of a multi-GB target dir on the one volume whose entire problem is disk. .publish-new- is the worked example: the two .publish-* names were outside the contract when it was written, and .publish-new- strands exactly as .stage- does, so it is the one that needed catching. Bringing both under the arbiter's enumeration is tracked as daniel/gitdan#30.

The two lists are meant to be the same length — the five names above, and the prefix constants ci-cache-reclaim.sh declares. Not the subset it enumerates as reclaim candidates: that one is smaller, because .reading- is read and never swept. A mismatch means one side gained a shape without telling the other, which is the drift the rule exists to catch and the cheapest thing to check.

The staleness constants are part of the same contract, and that half has a direction. CACHE_READ_STALE_SECONDS (cache-lib.sh) and STALE_LOCK_SECONDS (prune-cache.sh) are mirrored there, and the arbiter's copies must be greater than or equal to these. Raising one here for longer jobs, without raising its mirror first, makes the arbiter treat a marker whose owner still considers it live as stale and delete a tree under an in-flight clone — and its own minimum-age guard does not back-stop that, since a clone holding a three-hour-old marker has a roughly three-hour-old staging tree. Lowering either here needs no coordination: the arbiter then only defers a reclamation this side would already have permitted, which costs disk rather than correctness.

Names this repo doesn't reclaim, but the arbiter depends on

The five names above are leftovers — dead trees gitdan's arbiter finds and deletes. Four other dot-prefixed names change that arbiter's behaviour without ever being a leftover: it reads them to make a correctness decision and never reclaims them. They are a real cross-repo dependency too, on the name's spelling rather than on the tree's lifetime — gitdan's DEPENDED-UPON NAMES CONTRACT block (in scripts/ci-cache-reclaim.sh) is the canonical description; this is the producer's half for the two we own.

Name	Produced here by	Consequence of an unannounced rename
.ci-lock-<id>	scripts/cache-lock.sh (acquire/release) and cache-lib.sh's write_cache_lock()	The arbiter's lock check silently stops matching — a live job's staging tree loses its liveness guard and becomes an ordinary reclaim candidate while still in use
.cache-last-used	cargo-cache/action.yml, stamped every run	The arbiter falls back to directory mtime — silently reordering its eviction order, and possibly failing to recognise the directory as a cache dir at all

Two more names are in gitdan's list — .gitea-last-used and .ci-keep — and neither is produced by anything in this repo, so there is no producer-side half to write here. .gitea-last-used is a naming convention individual repos used before adopting this shared action; nothing here writes it, and gitdan's script reads it only for compatibility with directories created under that older scheme. .ci-keep is a per-repo, hand-placed opt-out a consuming repo's own workflow drops directly into a cache directory it wants exempted from eviction — never something this action or its scripts write.

Adding a fifth depended-upon name counts as much as renaming one of the two above. If a future change here makes gitdan's arbiter start depending on the spelling of some new dot-prefixed name — a name it reads for a decision but never reclaims — that is exactly this category, and it needs the matching DEPEND_* entry on gitdan's side before it ships, not after.

The directory LAYOUT is part of that contract as well

Names are one half; where they sit is the other. gitdan's arbiter walks a volume's _data tree to CI_CACHE_MAX_DEPTH, which is 2 — deliberately tight, because a deeper walk starts meeting Cargo's own incremental/<crate>-<hash> directories, which match the same name shape it uses to recognise a cache dir and must never be evicted individually. So:

_data/target-<key>                    depth 1 — no lineage
_data/<lineage>/target-<key>          depth 2 — a lineage
_data/<a>/<b>/target-<key>            depth 3 — INVISIBLE to the arbiter

That budget is the whole reason cache-lineage is one path component and not a path. Nesting deeper is not an error anywhere: the caches work, the in-workflow prune pass keeps managing them, and the one script whose job is the shared disk budget across every repo simply never sees them again.

It is also why the fix for daniel/gitdan#60 nests rather than suffixing the cache key. A target-<key>-<lineage> name would be read as dead by prune-cache.sh's liveness pass — which classifies by recomputing target-<cache_key(branch)> for every branch on origin — and evicted unconditionally on every run; and it falls out of the arbiter's own BRANCH_DIR_RE too, so the same directories would never be candidates there either. Nesting leaves both matchers reading exactly the names they already read, one level down.

One known rough edge, on gitdan's side and cosmetic: that script logs an eviction as <volume>/<basename>, so a nested target-<key> and a flat one of the same key are indistinguishable in its output. It evicts the right directory; the line just doesn't say which.

---

Inputs

cargo-cache

input	default	meaning
cache-root	/cache	mount point of the persistent volume inside the job container
cache-lineage	(empty)	one directory level under cache-root, for a second job building the same ref for a different target or profile — see Multiple jobs in one workflow
protected-branches	dev main	refs that publish snapshots and are never evicted
min-free-percent	10	prune when free space drops below this
restore-mtimes	true	restore tracked-file mtimes from git history
prune	true	run the eviction pass
liveness-prune	true	within eviction, remove caches for branches gone from origin
own-ref	(auto)	override; defaults to github.head_ref, else github.ref_name
base-ref	(auto)	override; defaults to github.base_ref (empty on push)
seed-fallback-dir	(empty)	absolute path to seed from when no snapshot exists — for migrating off an existing flat cache
watermark-file	.ci-watermark-<job>-sha	must differ per job when two jobs share one target directory; the default already does
lock-id	<job>-<run_id>	identifies this job's cache lock
stale-lock-seconds	7200	age past which another job's lock is treated as abandoned

Outputs: target-dir, cache-key, seeded-from (own | base-snapshot | own-snapshot | fallback-dir | concurrent-peer | cold).

Exports to the job environment: CARGO_TARGET_DIR, CARGO_CACHE_ROOT, CARGO_CACHE_KEY, CARGO_CACHE_LOCK_ID, CARGO_CACHE_SCRIPTS, CI_WATERMARK_FILE.

cargo-cache-publish

input	default	meaning
cache-root	/cache	must match the consume action
cache-lineage	(empty)	must match the consume action; a mismatch fails the step rather than publishing the wrong tree
protected-branches	dev main	refs that publish snapshots
mode	publish	publish, or release-lock for the if: always() step
own-ref	(auto)	override; defaults to github.head_ref, else github.ref_name
publish-on-events	push	events on which a protected ref actually publishes
read-grace-seconds	300	how long the swap waits for in-flight clones of the generation it replaces before reclaiming it; on timeout the reclamation is deferred, never forced
reader-stale-seconds	7200	age past which a consumer's read marker is treated as abandoned by a killed job
record-watermark	true	record HEAD as this cache's watermark (PR runs too)

publish-on-events defaults to push on purpose: a pull_request run from dev into main has own-ref dev and would otherwise publish a snapshot of a merge-preview build, which is not what dev is.

---

Multiple jobs in one workflow

Two jobs building the same ref — a ci job and a wasm job, say — are two consumers of one cache key, and the cache key alone is not enough to keep them apart.

Give each its own lineage. A cache key names a ref; what a target directory holds is the product of a ref and a build configuration. Left to the key alone, both jobs export the same CARGO_TARGET_DIR, and Cargo's build-directory lock is exclusive — so on a runner with more than one slot the second job sits on Blocking waiting for file lock on build directory for the length of the first, occupying a capacity slot while doing nothing (daniel/gitdan#60). cache-lineage is that second dimension:

      - name: Restore the Cargo cache
        uses: https://gitdan.com/daniel/gitdan-actions/cargo-cache@v1
        with:
          cache-lineage: wasm32          # the `ci` job sets none

      # ... build steps ...

      - name: Record watermark, publish cache snapshot
        uses: https://gitdan.com/daniel/gitdan-actions/cargo-cache-publish@v1
        with:
          cache-lineage: wasm32          # the SAME value, or the step fails

A lineage nests one directory level under the cache root (<cache-root>/<lineage>/target-<key>), so each lineage gets its own target dirs, its own snapshots, and its own prune pass. Everything else works as it already did, one level down: a PR branch in a lineage layers over that lineage's base snapshot, the publisher branch publishes into it, and a prune pass run inside it never sees a sibling lineage's caches.

Setting no lineage resolves to the cache root unchanged, byte for byte, so a workflow that does not use one keeps the exact directories it already has on the volume.

Both actions need the same value. cargo-cache-publish derives both ends of the snapshot swap from its own cache-root, so a publish step left at the default while its consume step nested would republish a different lineage's live target dir over that lineage's snapshot, on every push, with nothing in the log to say so. The publish action therefore compares its own inputs against the CARGO_CACHE_ROOT the consume step exported and fails the step on a mismatch. (The mode: release-lock call is exempt: it releases a lock on $CARGO_TARGET_DIR and never touches a cache root, so it takes no lineage.)

Some lineage names are refused. A lineage is one path component, drawn from [A-Za-z0-9._-], and several otherwise-reasonable names are rejected at resolve time because a reader elsewhere would stop seeing the caches underneath them: a Cargo profile name (debug, release, doc, …) is one gitdan's arbiter never descends into, a target-/snapshot- prefix makes the lineage directory itself an eviction candidate for this repo's own prune pass, and a hex-suffixed name is read by that arbiter as a per-branch cache dir in its own right. validate_cache_lineage() in scripts/cache-lib.sh states each rejection with the reader that imposes it.

Watermarks are still per job. Two jobs in one lineage — or one job before lineages were introduced — each need their own watermark file. A shared one breaks the moment two jobs run in sequence within one trigger: job A advances the watermark to HEAD, and job B then reads that just-advanced value, computes an empty diff, and loses the merge protection entirely. The default (.ci-watermark-<job>-sha) already gives each job its own; only override watermark-file if you also override lock-id, and then keep both distinct per job.

---

Constraints of this runner

• The repository must be public. act_runner fetches actions by anonymous git clone and has no credentialed-fetch option, so a private action repository simply fails to resolve. Nothing secret goes in here.
• uses: needs the absolute URL. A bare owner/repo resolves against github.com, because Gitea's DEFAULT_ACTIONS_URL is unset — and it has to stay unset, or actions/checkout, dtolnay/rust-toolchain and taiki-e/install-action stop resolving.
• The runner pre-fetches every referenced action before running any step, so a bad action reference fails the job at step 0 rather than where it is used.
• container.volumes is job-level and cannot be set from inside a composite action. The consuming workflow declares it; see the quick start.
• The cache volume is ext4 — no reflink support, which is precisely why hardlinks are the mechanism that makes cloning cheap.

---

Versioning

Pin @v1. It is a moving major tag: fixes and backward-compatible inputs move it forward, and anything that would break an existing consumer gets v2 instead. Pin a commit SHA if you want a frozen version.

The alternative is immutable release tags — v1.0.1, v1.0.2, … — with every consumer edited to point at the new one per fix. That is the safer model in general and the wrong one here. What it buys is the ability to hold one consumer back on a known-good version; what it costs is a PR in every consumer repo per fix, and its real failure mode with two consumers and one operator is that the second one is simply never updated and quietly runs a version nobody is testing. The moving pointer makes a release one action with one blast radius, which is the thing worth being deliberate about. Anyone who wants the immutable behaviour already has it, by pinning a SHA.

What @v1 promises is that whatever it points at works with the inputs documented above, spelled as they are documented. A change that renames or removes an input, changes a default in a way that changes behaviour, or requires something new of the consuming workflow — another container.volumes entry, another permission — is a v2, not a v1 move. Everything else moves v1: correctness fixes, new optional inputs, and anything internal to scripts/.

Moving the tag is a release step, and it is the operator's. Merging to main ships nothing to anybody. v1 is a lightweight tag and does not follow a branch, so until it is re-pointed every consumer keeps fetching the commit it already named, whatever main now says. The gap is deliberate: re-pointing v1 changes what another repository's CI executes on its next run, so it is a decision taken once, knowingly, after the merge — never something a merge does by itself.

git fetch origin
git tag -f v1 origin/main
git push -f origin v1
git ls-remote --tags origin v1     # must equal git rev-parse origin/main

Downstream are emowheel, which pins cargo-cache@v1 and cargo-cache-publish@v1 across its CI workflow, and zemyna, migrating to the same pin. Both pick a move up on their next run with no change on their side, which is the whole point of the moving pointer and also the reason the move is not automatic.

---

Development

shellcheck -x --source-path=scripts scripts/*.sh
bash scripts/selftest.sh          # everything (needs cargo)
bash scripts/selftest.sh --fast   # fixture-only suites, no compiler

Both run in CI — .gitea/workflows/ci.yaml, one job, on pushes to main and on PRs that were non-draft when the run was created. It installs shellcheck and both a stable and a nightly Rust toolchain (nightly so hardlink-clone-selftest.sh can run its content-freshness scenario, which as of 2026-08-26 a nightly does enable — 1.100.0-nightly (787af2b8c 2026-08-25) resolves freshness by content given both CARGO_UNSTABLE_CHECKSUM_FRESHNESS and CARGO_BUILD_FINGERPRINT: content, per cargo PR #17382; the suite still settles that by experiment on every run and skips the scenario loudly when it cannot measure) and references no credentials; the scratch workspaces the compiler-backed suites build use path dependencies only, so nothing reaches crates.io. It runs the full suite rather than --fast, because the two compiler-backed suites are the ones that check this scheme against real Cargo instead of against a fixture.

Draft (WIP:-titled) PRs skip it; un-drafting un-skips them, through edited — no empty commit needed. The skip is decided when a run is created, so lifting it needs an event that creates one, and un-drafting on this Gitea is a title edit: edited is in the workflow's pull_request types for exactly that reason. ready_for_review held that slot first and never fired — this Gitea has no draft column and no ready-for-review event at all, draft being computed from the title prefix — so a PR opened as WIP: carried its skip decision all the way to merge unless some later push happened to create a run. Do not swap the type back and do not drop the types: list to its bare default; either restores the bug.

Accepted cost: a body edit on an already-non-draft PR now triggers a real run. Gitea populates no changes field for a title-or-body edit, unlike GitHub, so the workflow cannot tell the edit that un-drafts a PR from an ordinary body PATCH — a closing-reference fix-up, say. The price is around 90 seconds of a runner shared across four repos on two capacity slots: the last twelve non-skipped runs of this job, started_at to completed_at off the Actions API, are 83 s median over 77–106 s. timeout-minutes: 20 is a ceiling for a hung suite, not a duration. It is also bounded: the workflow's concurrency: block groups pull_request runs on github.ref with cancel-in-progress: true, so a burst of edits collapses to one run rather than N. A still-draft PR pays nothing extra — the if: guard skips those exactly as before.

The evidence for edited comes from daniel/emowheel, which hit the identical bug, shipped the identical wrong fix, and corrected it in commit 08da820 (see daniel/emowheel#71): Gitea 1.27.2's HookIssueAction enum has no ready_for_review entry and no notifier emits one, while issue.IsWorkInProgress derives draft from the title. Live since: emowheel PR #141 was un-drafted at 19:01:13 on 2026-08-31 and run 2801 was created two seconds later on the same head SHA as the two runs skipped before it — a run created by the title edit alone, with no push, that executed and passed. daniel/gitdan ported the same one-word change. That it behaves the same way here has not been demonstrated in this repo; the next WIP: PR opened against main is the test.

This repo is consumed by three other repos' CI at @v1, a moving tag, so a change here reaches all of them at once. That is what the gate is for.

suite	covers
cache-root-selftest.sh	that a lineage nests one level and nothing else moves: no lineage resolves byte-for-byte to the cache root, two lineages on one cache key get disjoint target dirs, seed/publish/prune all stay inside their own lineage, a PR layers over its own lineage's base snapshot — and one rejection per lineage name a reader elsewhere would stop seeing, plus the publish-side mismatch guard
hardlink-clone-selftest.sh	that a build in a clone cannot mutate its source — with a control proving a raw cp -al does. Needs a real compiler, and a nightly that actually resolves freshness by content for its last scenario: the source's-next-build check reasons about content rather than mtime, so under mtime freshness it would assert a bug. Whether the toolchain does is settled by experiment on a throwaway crate, not by asking it — accepting -Z checksum-freshness stopped implying it on 2026-08-22, when cargo PR #17382 demoted the flag to a gate and gave build.fingerprint (default mtime) the choice; the suite now exports both and 1.100.0-nightly measures ACTIVE again. The experiment reports three outcomes, not two: active, measured-inactive, and not measured. Its answer codes are 0 and 3, deliberately clear of every status bash generates for its own errors — so nothing that goes wrong inside the probe, including an expansion failure no guard can catch, can be read as an answer. The scenario is skipped for the last two alike, but a failure to measure is never reported as a measurement. The control also reports which mutation families the running Cargo exhibits — a note, not an assertion, since that set moves upstream. It also pins the SELECTION itself against both of Cargo's build-dir layouts, from two file-only fixtures that need no compiler — so the layout the installed Cargo does not happen to write is still covered — and asserts the partition in both directions: every file Cargo rewrites in place is privately owned, and every .rlib/.rmeta still shares its inode. The second half is what the old suite never checked beyond shared > 0, and it is what a layout change silently inverts.
seed-target-dir-selftest.sh	seed-source preference, lock-file stripping, two jobs racing on one cache key, and one scenario per check a hardlink clone is validated against: a source rotated wholesale, a subtree silently lost from the walk, a copy that reports failure over a tree both other checks read as whole, and a source identity that resolved at neither end — plus a staging tree that could not be privately owned being discarded rather than published, and the publisher's log showing it waited on the consumer's own reader-lock marker before reclaiming a rotated snapshot
publish-snapshot-selftest.sh	the atomic swap, that a live consumer survives a republish, and the publisher's side of the rotation race: deferred reclamation under a live reader, and its sweep once the reader is gone
prune-cache-selftest.sh	liveness, protection, locking, eviction order, self-clear, and that a cache a job claims inside the check-to-unlink window survives it — against a real scratch origin
restore-mtimes-selftest.sh	the merge hazard and the watermark that closes it, including the two-jobs-one-namespace case. Needs a real compiler.

Every suite runs the actual script, not a reimplementation of its logic, and every fix scenario is paired with a control that reproduces the bug — a scenario that passes either way proves nothing.

The concurrency scenarios take one of three shapes, and none of them races for the interleaving its assertion depends on.

A genuine race whose asserted invariant holds under any interleaving. seed-target-dir-selftest.sh scenario 7 starts two real seeds on one cache key and asserts only what must be true whichever of them wins the rename.

A PATH stub on a command the code under test calls at a known point, which places the interference inside the window rather than hoping it lands there. prune-cache-selftest.sh scenario 12 stubs du, so the pass's own measurement publishes a reader marker strictly between its check and its unlink. seed-target-dir-selftest.sh uses the shape five times over, on two different commands. Scenarios 8a, 8b and 8c stub cp, so the consumer's own clone is what rotates the snapshot underneath it, loses a subtree of its own source, or reports a failure over a tree that is in fact whole — each strictly inside the window that clone's checks cover; scenario 10 stubs cp one level down instead, refusing the per-file copies that unshare the mutable paths. Scenario 8d stubs stat, because the check it pins fires on an identity that could not be READ rather than on one that changed, and the only way to make that the sole witness is to fail the identity reads while the copy between them succeeds. 8a also starts a second real process — the actual publish-snapshot.sh — but the stub is what fixes where its swap lands; the concurrency is incidental to the determinism. Scenario 11 reuses 8a's exact stub and the same forced rotation, but reads a different witness: not the consumer's own checks, but a line in the publisher's log reporting that it waited on the reader marker this consumer's clone wrote — reader_lock_acquire is exercised by 8a already, but nothing asserts it actually fired until this scenario reads that line back. Every stub asserts that it fired, because a scenario whose interference silently did not happen passes for the wrong reason.

A synthetic stand-in for the other side, where that artefact is the contract. publish-snapshot-selftest.sh scenarios 6 to 8 hold a .reading-* marker instead of running a slow consumer: the marker is the whole agreement between reader and publisher, so holding one is being a reader, and racing a real one would make the suite's runtime the thing under test.

Gating the interfering step on observed progress of the step it interferes with was an earlier answer here, and it is not one: seeing that a walk has started says nothing about where it will be when the interference lands, so the assertion downstream held only some of the time (issue #3). No scenario does it any more.

Where more than one guard could catch a fault, a scenario should assert which one did — otherwise deleting the guard under test leaves the suite green because a sibling fires in its place. Scenarios 8a to 8d and 10 of the seed suite do, and each is reddened by exactly one mutation of the clone's checks. Scenario 9 does not, and a mutation still survives it: with its source unreadable, cp -al leaves the staging directory at mode 000, so deleting the exit-status check does not change the outcome — the unshare pass aborts the clone instead, and the assertion is satisfied down a path it was not written for.

That is the standing hazard here, and it is not hypothetical. Two guards that can each catch the same fault mask each other, so neither is individually necessary and no fixture built around that fault can pin either one — which is how both [ "$cp_rc" -eq 0 ] and [ "$i_before" != missing ] sat unpinned (issue #5) while looking well covered. Isolating a check means constructing the state only it can see, not the state that trips several at once.

Scenario 11 applies the same discipline to a witness outside the clone entirely: not which of several checks inside hardlink_clone_into caught a fault, but whether reader_lock_acquire's marker was observed by anything outside it at all. The consumer's own log and exit status are silent either way — a run with the marker deleted still succeeds — so what is asserted is one line in the publisher's log reporting that it waited. Deleting reader_lock_acquire (issue #10) leaves that line unwritten without failing anything else in the suite.

The action YAML holds no logic beyond wiring; everything testable lives in scripts/. A composite action needs shell: bash on every run: step, and the actions reach their shared scripts through ${{ github.action_path }}/../scripts, which works because the runner clones the whole repository when it fetches an action.